ENGR 111/112

Sections 821-823

Instructors: Terry Kohutek, Jeffrey Otey

TAs: Suraphong (Eck), Waqar Muliduin

Peer Teachers: Kelly Wright, Matt Freeman

Kelly's Help Session Hours

Monday, 4:30 - 8:30, CVLB 315

Kelly's info

Email:	kwright@tamu.edu
Phone:	846-3405
IM screen name:	knw03

ENGR 111

Test 1 Review

Problem Solving - Classes covered - 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2

Definitions to know:

problem vs. problem solving vs. problem hierarchy

team

algorithm/flowchart/pseudocode

decomposition

top-down design

Know what it takes to be a professional engineer: 1. graduate from an ABET accredited 4 yr engr curriculum, 2. pass FE or EIT exams, 3. work for four years in your field, 4. get references and approval to take PPE, 5. pass PE or PPE, 6. apply to state for liscence

Know the functions of engineers - research, development, design, production and testing, sales, operations, construction, management, education, consulting

Know the different team issues and what each involves - interdependence, goal specification, cohesiveness, roles and norms, communication

Know the roles of different team members and what each means - meeting coordinator, recorder, timekeeper, encourager/gatekeeper, devil's advocate

Know the stages of teaming and what each means - forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

***The most common difficulty in problem solving is FAILURE TO USE KNOWN INFORMATION***

Know basic functions of Excel. (you won't actually be doing anything in Excel for the exam, however, you will be tested over how to do things in Excel). Know the difference between relative and absolute cell addresses (B5 vs. $B$5). Know how to make tables and graphs in Excel. Remember that every table needs a title and column headings with a descriptive name, symbol, and appropriate units. Graphs need a title, labeled axes, and a legend.

Newton's Laws:

1 - Inertia - every body maintains its state unless compelled to change by forces impressed upon it (paraphrased)

2 - Forces, F=ma when *mass is constant*

3 - Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

Know the definitions of and differences between position, displacement, average velocity, instantaneous velocity, speed, average acceleration, instantaneous acceleration

Know the following equations:

v = vo+aot

x = xo+vot+(1/2)aot^2

p = mv

F = ma

Fg = (Gm1m2)/r^2

W = mg

Make sure you can do all of the homework problems that involve these equations. You will have several multiple choice questions using these equations, and probably one workout question.

Graphics - Classes covered - 2.1, 2.2, 3.2, 5.1

Know what these AutoCAD commands do (you won't be using AutoCAD on the exam, but you will be tested over how to use it)

SNAP

GRID

ZOOM

PAN

LINE

MTEXT

CIRCLE

ARC

ERASE

DDEDIT

TRIM

FILLET

UNDO

Test 2 Review

Classes covered: 6.1,2; 7.1,2; 8.2; 9.1,2; 10.1,2; 11.1; 16.1

Definitions to know (when I say vs., know the definitions and the differences between the two):
accuracy vs. precision
random vs. systematic error
uncertainty
error
true vs. fractional vs. percent error
real vs. integer numbers
fundamental dimensions
base units
professionalism
dimensional homogeneity
linear regression
coefficient of correlation
interpolation
absolute vs. gravitational systems
coherent vs. non-coherent systems
ABET's definition of engineering
etiquette vs. laws
morals vs. ethics
fundamental principles vs. fundamental canons
resource allocation
ethical canons

Make sure you know the difference between SI, USCS, and AES systems (know the fundamental dimensions of each, know the prefixes, know which are coherent and which are not). You can find this at http://engr111.tamu.edu/PPOINT_FALL02/week06/Units.htm. MANY of your questions will relate to conversions. Make sure you know how to do this . . . if you can do all of the practice problems in the power points, you're in
good shape. When converting units in an equation, be sure to find the units of the constant first. Also make sure you understand how gc for the AES
system was derived and know when to use it. gc = 32.174 (lbm*ft)/(lbf*sec^2) I bet that you will use this on your test at least once. Know the difference between pound-mass and pound-foot. Also remember that exact conversion factors (ex. 12 inches in a foot) have an infinite
number of sig figs and will not affect your final answer.

Recall the general concepts of drag (ex. acts in opposite direction of velocity) and the equation . . . I don't know if you'll be given the equation for drag force - look on the cover sheet of your last test or a practice test . . . if it's not there, I'd say memorize it. Don't worry too much about this - if it's on the test, it won't be in depth.

Know how to do linear regression in excel, and know the equation to do it by hand. Know what the method of least squares is, what the R value stands for and how to interpret it. Know how to create rectilinear (linear), semi-log (exponential) and log-log (power) graphs in excel. Know the equations associated with each. They are as follows: y = mx+b, y = b*e^(mx) or y = b*10^(mx), and y = b*x^m, respectively. Know that you must graph data before fitting an equation to it (something they might trick you on). Know how to fit a trendline to data in excel.

For the ethics stuff, know the general functions of ABET. Know what it takes to get your PE. Know what makes engineering different from other
professions, and why a code of ethics is important. Have a good idea of what the fundamental principles and ethical canons of engineering say -
"engr shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public."

There will probably be several scaling questions, and perhaps a work-out with scaling. Know how to determine scale, how to calculate scale, how to document scale in english and metric drawings, and the basic unit for english (inch) and metric (mm) drawings. Remember that scale = (model space required)/(available space).

Look over your info on auxillary views and sectioning. I bet that your drawing problem will include sectioning and perhaps scaling. If you are still having problems with isometric, oblique, or orthographic drawings, look over those.

There will also be several problems that involve estimation. You may want to look over basic equations of volume, etc, for these problems. They will be like your football/basketball problem, and the answers will most likely only be different by a power of ten. Basically, they just want you to find an answer to the correct power of 10, so don't worry about getting a precise answer.

Recall rules for sig figs. Make sure to use correct sig figs on your work out problems on the test since you are expected to know them now.

Final Review (material not previously covered)

Final Info

For the final you get one 3x5 note card front and back cheat sheet! Equations I would write on there would be basic acceleration, velocity, and displacement equations, drag force, specific heat, flux, rate processes, resistance, ideal gas law, linear regression equations, and efficiency (I might have missed some). After these, I would write out some definitions and concepts as well as graphics stuff that is a little trickier (like thread notes) - fill up your whole card.

The test is 50% problem solving and 50% graphics. Out of the 50% problem solving, about 45% will be from Test 2 and 45% from the new material. There will be one or two problems from Test 1. On the other hand, your drawing stuff will be pretty equally gathered from both tests and new material. I wouldn't be surprised if they gave you incomplete orthographic drawings, had you complete them, dimension them, and add appropriate notes, and had you draw the corresponding isometric or oblique (I think that's what I had on my final).

Print out Kohutek's final review sheet! Go to classes/Kohutek/111/final review (it's called something along those lines). Be able to answer all of those questions.

Classes covered: 11.2; 12.1,2; 13.1,2; 14.1,2; 16.2

Definitions to know (some include equations):
thermodynamics
temperature
pressure
density
equilibrium
amount of substance (avogadro's #)
gas laws
states of matter (phase diagram)
energy
heat
work (including types of work)
reversibility
irreversibility sources
rate processes
rate
flux
heat flux
fluid flux
electric flux
diffusion
driving force
resistance
heat
fluid
electric
diffusion
electricity
charge
voltage
thread
fillet
round
dimension line
extension line
reference dimension
leader
spotface
counterbore
countersink
counterdrill

Gas laws:
Boyle
Charles
Gay-Lussac
Mole Proportionality
Ideal

Laws of Thermodynamics:
1st - energy can neither be created nor destroyed
2nd - naturally occurring processes are directional

Carnot Equation
Joule's Experiment
Ohm's Law

Know proportionality constants for heat, fluid, electricity, and diffusion problems. Make sure you know the difference between heat, work, and energy! Know all of the different types of rate processes and flux equations.

Know how to do thread notes and dimensions, fillets and rounds (and why we use them), and the different kinds of drilling. Know how to dimension holes in particular.

Summary:
Thermodynamics - where is the process going?
Rate Processes - how long does it take to get there?
Flow rate and flux are derived from the same basic equation
Everything flows from high to low potential

ENGR 112

TEST 3

Graphics stuff to know: Power Points 16.2, 17.1, 18.2, 20.1, and packet each team received

Everything you do with graphics now is in AutoCAD, so for all of the following graphics topics, know how they work in AutoCAD.

AutoCAD commands to know:

MASSPROP

REGION

UCS -> Move and World

UCSICON -> ORigin

UNION

SUBTRACT

INTERSECT

Definitions:

Leaders

Tolerance (general, linear, geometric)

Region

User coordinate system

-Know your dimensioning rules for objects, including, threads, chamfers, washers, cap screws, counterdrill, countersink, counterbored, spotface, and washers. Know how to dimension in AutoCAD.

-Know the three types of tolerances (you usually use linear). Know the three methods of specifying tolerances (unilateral, bilateral, limit form – you use limit form).

-Know how to create a region in AutoCAD. The most important thing with this is that regions must have CONCURRENT ENDPOINTS (no overlapping of lines or gaps between lines).

-Know what components are needed for a working drawing.

Problem solving stuff to know: Power points 18.1, 19.1, 19.2, 20.2

Probability and Statistics

Definitions:

Statistics

Population

Sample (why use samples?)

Measures of central tendency:

Mean

Mode

Median

Measures of scatter:

Range

Variance (of population vs. of sample)

Standard deviation

-Know the subtle differences between equations for a sample and equations for a population. KNOW THE EQUATIONS FOR MEAN, VARIANCE, AND STANDARD DEVIATION.

-Know what an ideal normal distribution looks like (Gaussian curve). Know the following for the standard normal:

Mean is at 0

Total area under curve = 1 or 100%

Z-tables are used to find the area between any 2 points on the x-axis

Area under the curve represents probability

Also know how to use the z-tables, and know the equation to find a z-value:

Z=(x-m)/s

-Know the EXCEL functions for all of the above measures:

AVERAGE( )

MODE( )

MEDIAN ( )

MIN ( )

MAX ( )

STDEV ( )

STDEVP ( )

VAR ( )

VARP ( )

STANDARDIZE ( ) - computes z-transform

NORMSDIST( ) - must use with STANDARDIZE

NORMDIST ( ) – computes z-transform within function

NORMINV ( )

NORMSINV ( )

*Excel finds the area under the curve from negative infinity to your x value

Break Even Graphs

-Represent profit and loss

-Know possible costs (start-up, material, labor, shipping)

-Plot your expense line

the y-intercept is start-up costs and the slope of the line is the cost it takes to make one product

-Plot your income line

the x-intercept is the amount of objects that must be held in inventory plus those that are defective, and the slop of the line is the cost that each object will sell for

-“Dollars” is on the y-axis and “Objects” is on the x-axis

-REMEMBER – Account for start-up costs on the y-axis. Account for inventory and rejects on the x-axis. You won’t change the slope of the lines to account for these things.

Accounting Concepts

Since this info is new, be concerned mostly with definitions, not doing an accounting problem.

Definitions:

System

Intensive quantity vs. extensive quantity

State quantity vs. path quantity

Accumulation = Final Amount – Initial Amount = Net Input + Net Generation

Net Input = Input – Output

Net Generation = Generation - Consumption

Steady state system: Accumulation = 0

Conservative system: where the extensive quantity is neither generated nor consumed

Accumulation = Net input, and Final Amount – Initial Amount = Input – Output

Steady state/conservation system: Input = Output

UNIVERSAL ACCOUNT EQUATION: (******MEMORIZE THIS******)

Final Amount – Initial Amount = Input – Output + Generation – Consumption

A working problem using the UAE requires you to define:

system
extensive quantity to be counted
time period

As far as problem solving goes, there will most likely be a workout problem that involves using tolerances and statistics to find how much of a product will be defective, and then accounting that into a break-even analysis. If you did and understand the homework problems from assignment 2, you’re in good shape. Know how to use the z-tables and how to use the tolerances tables!!!!!!!

TEST 4

AutoCAD commands to know:

EXTRUDE – stretches entities in the Z direction

VPOINT – select a viewing direction by selecting a 3D coordinate

LINES

CIRCLES

ELLIPSES

REGION

REVOLVE – revolves closed object about X or Y axis, a line, a polyline, or two specified points

HIDE

DISPSILH

SHADE

UNION

SUBTRACT

INTERSECTION

SHADEMODE (know different choices – wire, hidden, flat, gouraud, flat with edges, gouraud with edges)

MVIEW

UCSICON (X, Y , Z, 3point, ORigin, World, Save, Restore)

OSNAP Modes: Endpoint, Center, Midpoint, Quadrant

PLAN

FILLET (Chain option)

SLICE (know how to define the slice plane)

SECTION (know the difference between this and SLICE) – does not separate the solid (also know how to hatch a sectioned solid)

Always draw and plot full scale from layout mode – 2D space for plotting a drawing

2D and 3D objects are drawn full scale in model space

Width=X

Height=Z

Depth=Y

Know six basic solid primitives – box, sphere, wedge, cone, cylinder, torus

Know how to combine solids using boolean operations

To select a point off the XY plane, you must use a keyboard coordinate, OSNAP with the mouse, or the point filter .XY

Keyboard coordinates:

Relative form: (@x,y,z)

Polar: dist<angle,elevation

Spherical: dist<longitude<latitude

Know how to extract solid information and place it on the drawing.

Know what the World Coordinate System is (permanent reference)

Know what the User Coordinate System is (arbitrary coordinate system within the WCS)

*If the UCSICON cannot be displayed at the origin, it defaults to the lower left corner of the screen

Working drawings:

Assembly drawing – isometric or orthographic drawing showing all parts, includes parts list (assembled or exploded)

Detail drawing of custom parts – dimensioned orthographics, tolerance &material notes, required name tag for each part

Specifications of standard parts

Specifications and fabrication procedures

Legal document

Accounting for Mass

Def – the mass of the components remains constant during the process, mass can neither be created nor destroyed

- mass is an EXTENSIVE quantity, it can be counted and it can accumulate or deplete

- mass is allowed to enter and leave open systems, which is what you work with

Know the difference between batch and rate-flow processes

Know how to draw a system, labeling all inputs and outputs (you need “n” independent equations for “n” unknowns)

Know how to use Excel to solve systems of equations

- using matrices: x = b*A^-1, use =MINVERSE(cell range) . . . hit CRTL+SHIFT+ENTER

- to multiply, use =MMULT(matrix1,matrix2)

Accounting for Energy

- energy is conserved (first law of thermodynamics)

- path energies (work, heat)

def – the ability to do work; energy and work are two forms of the same quantity: energy can produce work and work can produce energy, and work is energy flow across a boundary from a driving force (energy can be path or state quantity); heat is an energy flow resulting from a temperature driving force

From UAE: Accumulation = Net Input

Energies that are net input are PATH quantities (ex. Work, heat)

Energies that can accumulate are STATE quantities (ex. Kinetic, potential, internal)

Mechanical work results from force applied over a linear distance

W = F*(change in x)

Shaft work results from a twisting force over a circular distance

W = F*r*theta = T*theta

Shaft power is shaft work per time (usually in horsepower)

Shaft power = T*omega = T*theta/t

Hydraulic work = V(P2-P1) = Q*t*(P2-P1) = A(P2-P1)*(change in x)

Electrical work (driving force is a voltage potential difference)

Electrical work = q(V2-V1) = it(V2-V1)

Lasers: E = hv = hc/lambda

Major types of heat flow:

Conduction: Q/t = k*A*(change in T)/x

Radiation – blackbody (object that completely absorbs light energy): Q/t = A*sigma*(T2^4-T1^4)

State energies – don’t depend on the path, often specified by other state quantities

Kinetic – the energy associated with mass in motion

For a constant force, change in kinetic energy = 1/2mv2^2 – 1/2mv1^2

Potential – the energy associated with the position of mass

(gravitational, spring, electrical, magnetic, hydraulic, chemical)

for a constant force, change in gravitational energy = mg*(change in x)

for a constant force, change in spring potential = ½*k*(x2^2-x1^2)

Internal – the energy associated with translational, rotational, vibrational, and electronic potential energy of atoms and molecules (energy inside the medium)

Know what sensible energy is and the equations that go with it.

Know the total energy conservation equation:

(Change in kinetic E) + (change in potential E) + (change in Internal E) = (Work in) – (Work out) + (heat in) – (heat out) + (energy in) – (energy out)

Know about flow energies in open systems.

Accounting for Linear Momentum

Know that linear momentum is conserved and can be added to a system by forces or adding mass.

Def – the product of the mass and velocity: p=mv

Mass and velocity are state quantities, and velocity is a vector quantity (then momentum is a vector and a state quantity for closed systems only)

Know Newton’s Laws in terms of linear momentum

There are two ways that the linear momentum of a system can change: mass transfer & unbalanced forces (otherwise, the accumulation of linear momentum is zero)

GOOD LUCK!!!

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